Since 1993, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) has sought to promote and foster access to genetic resources, as well as the fair and equitable distribution of the benefits resulting from such access. The most important result has been the establishment, in October 2014, of The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization (ABS). In this field, Brazil, conscious of being one of the most mega-diverse countries with its abundant wealth in genetic and cultural resources, has been a pioneer in the implementation of an ABS mechanism by means of a Provisional Act that came into force in 2001.